Stromata Editions · The Shepherd of Hermas
Similitude IX · chapters 1–8
Sim. 9.1.1–9.8.7
Complete audiobook →Chapter 1
Greek source
Μετὰ τὸ γράψαι με τὰς ἐντολὰς καὶ παραβολὰς τοῦ ποιμένος, τοῦ ἀγγέλου τῆς μετανοίας, ἦλθε πρός με καὶ λέγει μοι· Θέλω σοι δεῖξαι, ὅσα σοὶ ἔδειξε τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον τὸ λαλῆσαν μετὰ σοῦ ἐν μορφῇ τῆς Ἐκκλησίας· ἐκεῖνο γὰρ τὸ πνεῦμα ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ ἐστιν.
Translation
After I had written down the commandments and parables of the shepherd, the angel of repentance, he came to me and said, “I want to show you everything that the holy spirit showed you when it spoke with you in the form of the Assembly. For that spirit is the Son of God.
Greek source
ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἀσθενέστερος τῇ σαρκὶ ἦς, οὐκ ἐδηλώθη σοι δι’ ἀγγέλου. ὅτε οὖν ἐνεδυναμώθης διὰ τοῦ πνεύματος καὶ ἴσχυσας τῇ ἰσχύι σου, ὥστε δύνασθαί σε ἄγγελον ἰδεῖν, τότε μὲν οὖν ἐδηλώθη σοι διὰ τῆς Ἐκκλησίας ἡ οἰκοδομὴ τοῦ πύργου· καλῶς καὶ σεμνῶς πάντα ὡς ὑπὸ παρθένου ἑώρακας. νῦν δὲ ὑπὸ ἀγγέλου βλέπεις, διὰ τοῦ αὐτοῦ μὲν πνεύματος· δεῖ δέ σε ἀκριβέστερον ὑπ’ ἐμοῦ πάντα ἰδεῖν.
Translation
“Because you were weaker in the flesh, it was not explained to you through an angel. When you had been strengthened through the spirit and gained the strength to see an angel, the building of the tower was then explained to you through the Assembly. You saw everything well and reverently, as though shown by a virgin. Now you see through an angel, but through the same spirit. You must see everything more precisely through me.
Greek source
εἰς τοῦτο γὰρ ἐδόθην ὑπὸ τοῦ ἐνδόξου ἀγγέλου εἰς τὸν οἶκόν σου κατοικῆσαι, ἵνα δυνατῶς πάντα ἴδης, μηδὲν δειλαινόμενος ὡς καὶ τὸ πρότερον.
Translation
“For this purpose the glorious angel sent me to dwell in your household: so that you might see everything with strength, without being afraid as before.”
Greek source
καὶ ἀπήγαγέ με εἰς τὴν Ἀρκαδίαν, εἰς ὄρος τι μαστῶδες, καὶ ἐκάθισέ με ἐπὶ τὸ ἄκρον τοῦ ὄρους, καὶ ἔδειξέ μοι πεδίον μέγα, κύκλῳ δὲ τοῦ πεδίου ὄρη δώδεκα, ἄλλην καὶ ἄλλην ἰδέαν ἔχοντα τὰ ὄρη.
Translation
He took me to Arcadia, to a breast-shaped mountain, and seated me on its summit. He showed me a great plain, with twelve mountains around it, each different in appearance.
Greek source
τὸ πρῶτον ἦν μέλαν ὡς ἀσβόλη· τὸ δὲ δεύτερον ψιλόν, βοτάνας μὴ ἔχον· τὸ δὲ τρίτον ἀκανθῶν καὶ τριβόλων πλῆρες·
Translation
The first was black as soot. The second was bare, without vegetation. The third was full of thorns and thistles.
Greek source
τὸ δὲ τέταρτον βοτάνας ἔχον ἡμιξήρους, τὰ μὲν ἐπάνω τῶν βοτανῶν χλωρά, τὰ δὲ πρὸς ταῖς ῥίζαις ξηρά· τινὲς δὲ βοτάναι, ὅταν ὁ ἥλιος ἐπικεκαύκει, ξηραὶ ἐγίνοντο·
Translation
The fourth had partly dry vegetation: green at the top, but dry near the roots. Some plants became dry when the sun scorched them.
Greek source
τὸ δὲ πέμπτον ὄρος ἦν τραχὺ λίαν, βοτάνας δὲ εἶχε χλωράς. τὸ δὲ ἕκτον ὄρος ὅλον σχισμῶν ἔγεμεν, ἃς μὲν μεγάλας, ἃς δὲ μικράς· εἶχον δὲ βοτάνας αἱ σχισμαί, οὐ λίαν δὲ ἦσαν εὐθαλεῖς αἱ βοτάναι, μᾶλλον δὲ ὡς μεμαραμμέναι ἦσαν.
Translation
The fifth mountain was very rugged, but had green vegetation. The sixth was full of cracks, some large and some small. Plants grew in the cracks, but were not flourishing; rather, they seemed withered.
Greek source
τὸ δὲ ἕβδομον ὄρος εἶχεν βοτάνας ἱλαράς, καὶ ὅλον τὸ ὄρος εὐθηνοῦν ἦν, καὶ πᾶν γένος κτηνῶν καὶ ὀρνέων ἐνέμετο εἰς τὸ ὄρος ἐκεῖνο· καὶ ὅσον ἐβόσκετο τὰ κτήνη καὶ τὰ πετεινά, μᾶλλον καὶ μᾶλλον αἱ βοτάναι τοῦ ὄρους ἐκείνου ἔθαλλον. τὸ δὲ ὄγδοον ὄρος πηγῶν πλῆρες ἦν, καὶ πᾶν γένος τῆς κτίσεως τοῦ κυρίου ἐποτίζετο ἐκ τῶν πηγῶν τοῦ ὄρους ἐκείνου.
Translation
The seventh mountain had cheerful vegetation, and the whole mountain was thriving. Every kind of animal and bird grazed on it. The more the animals and birds fed, the more the vegetation flourished. The eighth mountain was full of springs, and every kind of the Lord's creation drank from that mountain's springs.
Greek source
τὸ δὲ ἔνατον ὄρος ὅλως ὕδωρ οὐκ εἶχεν καὶ ὅλον ἐρημῶδες ἦν, εἶχεν δὲ ἐν αὐτῷ θηρία ἑρπετὰ θανάσιμα, διαφθείροντα ἀνθρώπους. τὸ δὲ δέκατον ὄρος εἶχε δένδρα μέγιστα, καὶ ὅλον κατάσκιον ἦν, καὶ ὑπὸ τὴν σκέπην τῶν δένδρων πρόβατα κατέκειντο ἀναπαυόμενα καὶ μαρυκώμενα.
Translation
The ninth mountain had no water at all and was entirely desolate. It had deadly creeping creatures that destroyed people. The tenth mountain had very large trees and was entirely shaded. Beneath the trees' shelter, sheep lay resting and chewing their cud.
Greek source
τὸ δὲ ἑνδέκατον ὄρος λίαν σύνδενδρον ἦν, καὶ τὰ δένδρα ἐκεῖνα κατάκαρπα ἦν, ἄλλοις καὶ ἄλλοις καρποῖς κεκοσμημένα, ἵνα ἰδών τις αὐτὰ ἐπιθυμήσῃ φαγεῖν ἐκ τῶν καρπῶν αὐτῶν. τὸ δὲ δωδέκατον ὄρος ὅλον ἦν λευκόν, καὶ ἡ πρόσοψις αὐτοῦ ἱλαρὰ λίαν· καὶ εὐπρεπέστατον ἦν ἐν αὑτῷ τὸ ὄρος.
Translation
The eleventh mountain was thickly wooded. Its trees were laden with fruit, adorned with many different kinds, so that anyone seeing them would want to eat their fruit. The twelfth mountain was entirely white and very cheerful in appearance. The mountain itself was exceedingly beautiful.
Chapter 2
Greek source
Εἰς μέσον δὲ τοῦ πεδίου ἔδειξέ μοι πέτραν μεγάλην λευκὴν ἐκ τοῦ πεδίου ἀναβεβηκυῖαν. ἡ δὲ πέτρα ὑψηλοτέρα ἦν τῶν ὀρέων, τετράγωνος δέ, ὥστε δύνασθαι ὅλον τὸν κόσμον χωρῆσαι.
Translation
In the middle of the plain he showed me a great white rock rising from it. The rock was taller than the mountains and square, large enough to contain the whole world.
Greek source
παλαιὰ δὲ ἦν ἡ πέτρα ἐκείνη πύλην ἐκκεκομμένην ἔχουσα· ὡς πρόσφατος δὲ ἐδόκει μοι εἶναι ἡ ἐκκόλαψις τῆς πύλης. ἡ δὲ πύλη οὕτως ἔστιλβεν ὑπὲρ τὸν ἥλιον, ὥστε με θαυμάζειν ἐπὶ τῇ λαμπηδόνι τῆς πύλης.
Translation
That rock was ancient and had a gate cut into it. The cutting of the gate seemed recent to me. The gate shone more brightly than the sun, so that I marvelled at its radiance.
Greek source
κύκλῳ δὲ τῆς πύλης εἱστήκεισαν παρθένοι δώδεκα. αἱ οὖν τέσσαρες αἱ εἰς τὰς γωνίας ἑστηκυῖαι ἐνδοξότεραί μοι ἐδόκουν εἶναι· καὶ αἱ ἄλλαι δὲ ἔνδοξοι ἦσαν. εἱστήκεισαν δὲ εἰς τὰ τέσσαρα μέρη τῆς πύλης, ἀνὰ μέσον αὐτῶν ἀνὰ δύο παρθένοι.
Translation
Twelve virgins stood around the gate. The four standing at the corners seemed more glorious to me, though the others were glorious too. They stood on the four sides of the gate, with two virgins between each pair of corner figures.
Greek source
ἐνδεδυμέναι δὲ ἦσαν λινοῦς χιτῶνας καὶ περιεζωσμέναι ἦσαν εὐπρεπῶς, ἔξω τοὺς ὤμους ἔχουσαι τοὺς δεξιοὺς ὡς μέλλουσαι φορτίον τι βαστάζειν. οὕτως ἕτοιμαι ἦσαν· λίαν γὰρ ἱλαραὶ ἦσαν καὶ πρόθυμοι.
Translation
They wore linen tunics, neatly gathered at the waist, with their right shoulders bare as though they were about to carry a load. They were ready like this, very cheerful and eager.
Greek source
μετὰ τὸ ἰδεῖν με ταῦτα ἐθαύμαζον ἐν ἐμαυτῷ, ὅτι μεγάλα καὶ ἔνδοξα πράγματα ἔβλεπον. καὶ πάλιν ἠπορούμην ἐπὶ ταῖς παρθένοις, ὅτι τρυφεραὶ οὖσαι οὕτως ἀνδρείως εἱστήκεισαν ὡς μέλλουσαι ὅλον τὸν οὐρανὸν βαστάζειν.
Translation
After seeing these things, I marvelled to myself at the great and glorious things I was seeing. I was also puzzled by the virgins: though delicate, they stood with such courage, as though ready to carry the whole heaven.
Greek source
καὶ λέγει μοι ὁ ποιμήν· Τί ἐν σεαυτῷ διαλογίζῃ καὶ ἀπορῇ καὶ σεαυτῷ λύπην ἐπισπᾶσαι; ὅσα γὰρ οὐ δύνῃ νοῆσαι, μὴ ἐπιχείρει ὡς συνετὸς ὤν, ἀλλ’ ἐρώτα τὸν κύριον, ἵνα λαβὼν σύνεσιν νοήσῃς αὐτά.
Translation
The shepherd said to me, “Why do you reason within yourself, become puzzled, and bring grief upon yourself? Do not tackle what you cannot understand as though you were wise. Instead, ask the Lord, so that you may receive understanding and grasp it.
Greek source
τὰ ὀπίσω σου ἰδεῖν οὐ δύνῃ, τὰ δὲ ἔμπροσθέν σου βλέπεις. ἃ οὖν ἰδεῖν οὐ δύνῃ, ἔασον, καὶ σεαυτὸν μὴ στρέβλου· ἃ βλέπεις δέ, ἐκείνων κατακυρίευε, καὶ περὶ τῶν λοιπῶν μὴ περιεργάζου· πάντα δέ σοι ἐγὼ δηλώσω, ὅσα ἐάν σοι δείξω. ἔμβλεπε οὖν τοῖς λοιποῖς.
Translation
“You cannot see what is behind you, but you see what is before you. Leave what you cannot see, and do not torment yourself. Master what you do see, and do not pry into the rest. I will explain everything I show you. So look at what follows.”
Chapter 3
Greek source
Εἶδον ἓξ ἄνδρας ἐληλυθότας ὑψηλοὺς καὶ ἐνδόξους καὶ ὁμοίους τῇ ἰδέᾳ· ἐκάλεσαν δὲ πλῆθός τι ἀνδρῶν. κἀκεῖνοι δὲ οἱ ἐληλυθότες ὑψηλοὶ ἄνδρες καὶ λίαν καλοὶ καὶ δυνατοὶ ἦσαν· καὶ ἐκέλευσαν αὐτοὺς οἱ ἓξ ἄνδρες οἰκοδομεῖν ἐπάνω τῆς πέτρας πύργον τινά. ἦν δὲ μέγας θόρυβος τῶν ἀνδρῶν ἐκείνων τῶν ἐληλυθότων οἰκοδομεῖν τὸν πύργον, ὧδε κἀκεῖ περιτρεχόντων κύκλῳ τῆς πύλης·
Translation
I saw six tall and glorious men arrive, alike in appearance. They called a crowd of men. These men who came were also tall, very handsome, and strong. The six men ordered them to build a tower on the rock. There was a great commotion among the men who had come to build the tower, as they ran here and there around the gate.
Greek source
αἱ δὲ παρθένοι ἑστηκυῖαι περὶ τὴν πύλην ἔλεγον τοῖς ἀνδράσι σπεύδειν δεῖν οἰκοδομηθῆναι τὸν πύργον. ἐκπεπετάκεισαν δὲ τὰς χεῖρας αἱ παρθένοι ὡς μέλλουσαί τι λαμβάνειν παρὰ τῶν ἀνδρῶν.
Translation
The virgins standing around the gate told the men that the tower must be built quickly. They held out their hands as though ready to receive something from the men.
Greek source
οἱ δὲ ἓξ ἄνδρες ἐκέλευον ἐκ βυθοῦ τινος λίθους ἀναβαίνειν καὶ ὑπάγειν εἰς τὴν οἰκοδομὴν τοῦ πύργου. ἀνέβησαν δὲ λίθοι ιʹ τετράγωνοι λαμπροί, μὴ λελατομημένοι.
Translation
The six men ordered stones to come up from a deep place and go into the tower's construction. Ten bright, square stones came up, not cut to shape.
Greek source
οἱ δὲ ἓξ ἄνδρες ἐκάλουν τὰς παρθένους καὶ ἐκέλευσαν αὐτὰς τοὺς λίθους πάντας τοὺς μέλλοντας εἰς τὴν οἰκοδομὴν ὑπάγειν τοῦ πύργου βαστάζειν καὶ διαπορεύεσθαι διὰ τῆς πύλης, καὶ ἐπιδιδόναι τοῖς ἀνδράσι τοῖς μέλλουσιν οἰκοδομεῖν τὸν πύργον.
Translation
The six men called the virgins and ordered them to carry all the stones destined for the tower, take them through the gate, and hand them to the men who were to build the tower.
Greek source
αἱ δὲ παρθένοι τοὺς δέκα λίθους τοὺς πρώτους τοὺς ἐκ τοῦ βυθοῦ ἀναβάντας ἐπετίθουν ἀλλήλαις καὶ κατὰ ἕνα λίθον ἐβάσταζον ὁμοῦ.
Translation
Taking the first ten stones that came up from the deep, the virgins loaded one another and carried them together, one stone at a time.
Chapter 4
Greek source
Καθὼς δὲ ἐστάθησαν ὁμοῦ κύκλῳ τῆς πύλης, οὕτως ἐβάσταζον αἱ δοκοῦσαι δυναταὶ εἶναι, καὶ ὑπὸ τὰς γωνίας τοῦ λίθου ὑποδεδυκυῖαι ἦσαν· αἱ δὲ ἄλλαι ἐκ τῶν πλευρῶν τοῦ λίθου ὑποδεδύκεισαν, καὶ οὕτως ἐβάσταζον πάντας τοὺς λίθους· διὰ δὲ τῆς πύλης διέφερον αὐτούς, καθὼς ἐκελεύσθησαν, καὶ ἐπεδίδουν τοῖς ἀνδράσιν εἰς τὸν πύργον· ἐκεῖνοι δὲ ἔχοντες τοὺς λίθους ᾠκοδόμουν.
Translation
They carried them in the same arrangement in which they stood together around the gate. Those who seemed strong positioned themselves beneath the stone's corners; the others positioned themselves beneath its sides. They carried all the stones in this way, taking them through the gate as commanded and handing them to the men at the tower. The men received the stones and built with them.
Greek source
ἡ οἰκοδομὴ δὲ τοῦ πύργου ἐγένετο ἐπὶ τὴν πέτραν τὴν μεγάλην καὶ ἐπάνω τῆς πύλης. ἡρμόσθησαν οὖν οἱ ιʹ λίθοι ἐκεῖνοι, καὶ ἐνέπλησαν ὅλην τὴν πέτραν. καὶ ἐγένοντο ἐκεῖνοι θεμέλιος τῆς οἰκοδομῆς τοῦ πύργου. ἡ δὲ πέτρα καὶ ἡ πύλη ἦν βαστάζουσα ὅλον τὸν πύργον.
Translation
The tower was built on the great rock and above the gate. So those ten stones were fitted together, and covered the entire rock. They became the foundation of the tower's construction. The rock and the gate supported the entire tower.
Greek source
μετὰ δὲ τοὺς ιʹ λίθους ἄλλοι ἀνέβησαν ἐκ τοῦ βυθοῦ κεʹ λίθοι· καὶ οὗτοι ἡρμόσθησαν εἰς τὴν οἰκοδομὴν τοῦ πύργου, βασταζόμενοι ὑπὸ τῶν παρθένων καθὼς καὶ οἱ πρότεροι. μετὰ δὲ τούτους ἀνέβησαν λεʹ· καὶ οὗτοι ὁμοίως ἡρμόσθησαν εἰς τὸν πύργον. μετὰ δὲ τούτους ἕτεροι ἀνέβησαν λίθοι μʹ· καὶ οὗτοι πάντες ἐβλήθησαν εἰς τὴν οἰκοδομὴν τοῦ πύργου· ἐγένοντο οὖν στοῖχοι τέσσαρες ἐν τοῖς θεμελίοις τοῦ πύργου.
Translation
After the ten stones, another twenty-five stones came up from the deep. These too were fitted into the tower's construction, carried by the virgins as the earlier ones had been. After these, thirty-five came up and were likewise fitted into the tower. After these, another forty stones came up, and all were placed in the tower's construction. So there were four courses in the tower's foundations.
Greek source
καὶ ἐπαύσαντο ἐκ τοῦ βυθοῦ ἀναβαίνοντες· ἐπαύσαντο δὲ καὶ οἱ οἰκοδομοῦντες μικρόν. καὶ πάλιν ἐπέταξαν οἱ ἓξ ἄνδρες τῷ πλήθει τοῦ ὄχλου ἐκ τῶν ὀρέων παραφέρειν λίθους εἰς τὴν οἰκοδομὴν τοῦ πύργου.
Translation
The stones stopped coming up from the deep, and the builders paused briefly too. Again the six men ordered the crowd to bring stones from the mountains for the tower's construction.
Greek source
παρεφέροντο οὖν ἐκ πάντων τῶν ὀρέων χρόαις ποικίλαις λελατομημένοι ὑπὸ τῶν ἀνδρῶν καὶ ἐπεδίδοντο ταῖς παρθένοις· αἱ δὲ παρθένοι διέφερον αὐτοὺς διὰ τῆς πύλης καὶ ἐπεδίδουν εἰς τὴν οἰκοδομὴν τοῦ πύργου. καὶ ὅταν εἰς τὴν οἰκοδομὴν ἐτέθησαν οἱ λίθοι οἱ ποικίλοι, ὅμοιοι ἐγένοντο λευκοὶ καὶ τὰς χρόας τὰς προτέρας ἤλλασσον.
Translation
Stones of various colours were brought from all the mountains, cut to shape by the men and handed to the virgins. The virgins carried them through the gate and handed them over for the tower's construction. When the variously coloured stones were placed in the building, they became alike and white, changing their earlier colours.
Greek source
τινὲς δὲ λίθοι ἐπεδίδοντο ὑπὸ τῶν ἀνδρῶν εἰς τὴν οἰκοδομήν, καὶ οὐκ ἐγίνοντο λαμπροί, ἀλλ’ οἷοι ἐτέθησαν, τοιοῦτοι καὶ ἦσαν· οὐ γὰρ ἦσαν ἀπὸ τῶν παρθένων ἐπιδεδομένοι οὐδὲ διὰ τῆς πύλης παρενηνεγμένοι. οὗτοι οὖν οἱ λίθοι ἀπρεπεῖς ἦσαν ἐν τῇ οἰκοδομῇ τοῦ πύργου.
Translation
Some stones were handed over by the men for the building, but did not become bright. They remained as they were when placed there, because they had neither been handed over by the virgins nor brought through the gate. These stones were therefore unsuitable in the tower's construction.
Greek source
εἶδον δὲ οἱ ἓξ ἄνδρες τοὺς λίθους τούτους ἀπρεπεῖς ἐν τῇ οἰκοδομῇ καὶ ἐκέλευσαν αὐτοὺς ἀρθῆναι καὶ ἀπενεχθῆναι κάτω εἰς τὸν ἴδιον τόπον ὅθεν ἠνέχθησαν.
Translation
The six men saw that these stones were unsuitable in the building. They ordered them to be removed and taken back down to their own place, from which they had been brought.
Greek source
καὶ λέγουσι τοῖς ἀνδράσι τοῖς παρεμφέρουσι τοὺς λίθους· Ὅλως ὑμεῖς μὴ ἐπιδίδοτε εἰς τὴν οἰκοδομὴν λίθους· τίθετε δὲ αὐτοὺς παρὰ τὸν πύργον, ἵνα αἱ παρθένοι διὰ τῆς πύλης παρενέγκωσιν αὐτοὺς καὶ ἐπιδιδῶσιν εἰς τὴν οἰκοδομήν. ἐὰν γάρ, φασίν, διὰ τῶν χειρῶν τῶν παρθένων τούτων μὴ διενεχθῶσι διὰ τῆς πύλης, τὰς χρόας αὐτῶν ἀλλάξαι οὐ δύνανται· μὴ κοπιᾶτε οὖν, φασίν, εἰς μάτην.
Translation
They said to the men bringing the stones, “Do not hand any stones directly into the building. Place them beside the tower, so that the virgins may bring them through the gate and hand them over for the building. Unless they are carried through the gate by these virgins' hands, they cannot change their colours. So do not labour in vain.”
Chapter 5
Greek source
Καὶ ἐτελέσθη ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἡ οἰκοδομή, οὐκ ἀπετελέσθη δὲ ὁ πύργος· ἔμελλε γὰρ πάλιν ἐποικοδομεῖσθαι· ἐγένετο δὲ ἀνοχή τις τῆς οἰκοδομῆς. ἐκέλευσαν δὲ αὐτοὺς οἱ ἓξ ἄνδρες τοὺς οἰκοδομοῦντας ἀναχωρῆσαι καὶ ὡσεὶ ἀναπαῆναι· ταῖς δὲ παρθένοις ἐπέταξαν ἀπὸ τοῦ πύργου μὴ ἀναχωρεῖν. ἐδόκει δέ μοι τὰς παρθένους καταλελεῖφθαι τοῦ φυλάσσειν τὸν πύργον.
Translation
The building work ended that day, but the tower was not completed, for more was to be built. There was a pause in the construction. The six men ordered the builders to withdraw and rest for a while, but directed the virgins not to leave the tower. It seemed to me that the virgins had been left to guard it.
Greek source
μετὰ δὲ τὸ ἀναχωρῆσαι πάντας καὶ ἀναπαῆναι λέγω τῷ ποιμένι· Τί ὅτι, φημί, κύριε, οὐ συνετελέσθη ἡ οἰκοδομὴ τοῦ πύργου; Οὔπω, φησί, δύναται ἀποτελεσθῆναι ὁ πύργος, ἐὰν μὴ ἔλθῃ ὁ κύριος αὐτοῦ καὶ δοκιμάσῃ τὴν οἰκοδομὴν ταύτην, ἵνα ἐάν τινες λίθοι σαπροὶ εὑρεθῶσιν, ἀλλάξῃ αὐτούς· πρὸς γὰρ τὸ ἐκείνου θέλημα οἰκοδομεῖται ὁ πύργος.
Translation
After everyone had withdrawn to rest, I said to the shepherd, “Sir, why was the tower's construction not finished?” “The tower cannot yet be completed,” he said, “until its lord comes and tests this construction. If any stones are found unsound, he must replace them, for the tower is built according to his will.”
Greek source
Ἤθελον, φημί, κύριε, τούτου τοῦ πύργου γνῶναι τί ἐστιν ἡ οἰκοδομὴ αὕτη, καὶ περὶ τῆς πέτρας καὶ πύλης καὶ τῶν ὀρέων καὶ τῶν παρθένων, καὶ τῶν λίθων τῶν ἐκ τοῦ βυθοῦ ἀναβεβηκότων καὶ μὴ λελατομημένων, ἀλλ’ οὕτως ἀπελθόντων εἰς τὴν οἰκοδομήν.
Translation
“Sir,” I said, “I would like to know the meaning of this tower's construction: the rock, the gate, the mountains, the virgins, and the stones that came up from the deep and went into the building without being cut to shape.
Greek source
καὶ διατί πρῶτον εἰς τὰ θεμέλια ιʹ λίθοι ἐτέθησαν, εἶτα κεʹ, εἶτα λεʹ, εἶτα μʹ, καὶ περὶ τῶν λίθων τῶν ἀπεληλυθότων εἰς τὴν οἰκοδομὴν καὶ πάλιν ἠρμένων καὶ εἰς τόπον ἴδιον ἀποτεθειμένων· περὶ πάντων τούτων ἀνάπαυσον τὴν ψυχήν μου, κύριε, καὶ γνώρισόν μοι αὐτά.
Translation
“Why were ten stones first placed in the foundations, then twenty-five, then thirty-five, then forty? And what about the stones that went into the building, then were removed and set aside in their own place? Put my soul at rest about all these things, sir, and explain them to me.”
Greek source
Ἐάν, φησί, κενόσπουδος μὴ εὑρεθῇς, πάντα γνώσῃ. μετ’ ὀλίγας γὰρ ἡμέρας ἐλευσόμεθα ἐνθάδε, καὶ τὰ λοιπὰ ὄψει τὰ ἐπερχόμενα τῷ πύργῳ τούτῳ καὶ πάσας τὰς παραβολὰς ἀκριβῶς γνώσῃ.
Translation
“If you are not found busy with empty things,” he said, “you will learn everything. For in a few days we will come here, and you will see what else happens to this tower and come to understand all the parables precisely.”
Greek source
καὶ μετ’ ὀλίγας ἡμέρας ἤλθομεν εἰς τὸν τόπον οὗ κεκαθίκαμεν, καὶ λέγει μοι· Ἄγωμεν παρὰ τὸν πύργον· ὁ γὰρ αὐθέντης τοῦ πύργου ἔρχεται κατανοῆσαι αὐτόν. καὶ ἤλθομεν πρὸς τὸν πύργον· καὶ ὅλως οὐθεὶς ἦν πρὸς αὐτὸν εἰ μὴ αἱ παρθένοι μόναι.
Translation
A few days later we came to the place where we had sat. He said to me, “Let us go to the tower, for its owner is coming to examine it.” We came to the tower, and no one at all was there except the virgins.
Greek source
καὶ ἐπερωτᾷ ὁ ποιμὴν τὰς παρθένους εἰ ἄρα παραγεγόνει ὁ δεσπότης τοῦ πύργου. αἱ δὲ ἔφησαν μέλλειν αὐτὸν ἔρχεσθαι κατανοῆσαι τὴν οἰκοδομήν.
Translation
The shepherd asked the virgins whether the tower's master had arrived. They said that he was going to come and examine the construction.
Chapter 6
Greek source
Καὶ ἰδοὺ μετὰ μικρὸν βλέπω παράταξιν πολλῶν ἀνδρῶν ἐρχομένων· καὶ εἰς τὸ μέσον ἀνήρ τις ὑψηλὸς τῷ μεγέθει, ὥστε τὸν πύργον ὑπερέχειν.
Translation
Before long I saw a company of many men approaching. In their midst was a man so tall that he overtopped the tower.
Greek source
καὶ οἱ ἓξ ἄνδρες οἱ εἰς τὴν οἰκοδομὴν ἐφεστῶτες ἐκ δεξιῶν καὶ ἀριστερῶν περιεπάτησαν μετ’ αὐτοῦ, καὶ πάντες οἱ εἰς τὴν οἰκοδομὴν ἐργασάμενοι μετ’ αὐτοῦ ἦσαν, καὶ ἕτεροι πολλοὶ κύκλῳ αὐτοῦ ἔνδοξοι. αἱ δὲ παρθένοι αἱ τηροῦσαι τὸν πύργον προσδραμοῦσαι κατεφίλησαν αὐτόν, καὶ ἤρξαντο ἐγγὺς αὐτοῦ περιπατεῖν κύκλῳ τοῦ πύργου.
Translation
The six men who oversaw the construction walked with him on his right and left. All those who had worked on the building were with him too, and many other glorious figures surrounded him. The virgins guarding the tower ran up, kissed him warmly, and began walking close to him around the tower.
Greek source
κατενόει δὲ ὁ ἀνὴρ ἐκεῖνος τὴν οἰκοδομὴν ἀκριβῶς, ὥστε αὐτὸν καθ’ ἕνα λίθον ψηλαφᾶν. κρατῶν δέ τινα ῥάβδον τῇ χειρὶ κατὰ ἕνα λίθον τῶν ᾠκοδομημένων ἔτυπτε.
Translation
That man examined the construction carefully, feeling each stone. With a staff in his hand, he struck each stone that had been built into it.
Greek source
καὶ ὅταν ἐπάτασσεν, ἐγένοντο αὐτῶν τινες μέλανες ὡσεὶ ἀσβόλη, τινὲς δὲ ἐψωριακότες, τινὲς δὲ σχισμὰς ἔχοντες, τινὲς δὲ κολοβοί, τινὲς δὲ οὔτε λευκοὶ οὔτε μέλανες, τινὲς δὲ τραχεῖς καὶ μὴ συμφωνοῦντες τοῖς ἑτέροις λίθοις, τινὲς δὲ σπίλους πολλοὺς ἔχοντες· αὗται ἦσαν αἱ ποικιλίαι τῶν λίθων τῶν σαπρῶν εὑρεθέντων εἰς τὴν οἰκοδομήν.
Translation
As he struck them, some became black as soot; some were scabby; some had cracks; some were chipped; some were neither white nor black; some were rough and did not fit the other stones; and some had many stains. These were the different kinds of stones found unsound in the building.
Greek source
ἐκέλευσεν οὖν πάντας τούτους ἐκ τοῦ πύργου μετενεχθῆναι καὶ τεθῆναι παρὰ τὸν πύργον, καὶ ἑτέρους ἐνεχθῆναι λίθους καὶ ἐμβληθῆναι εἰς τὸν τόπον αὐτῶν.
Translation
He ordered all these to be removed from the tower and placed beside it, and other stones to be brought and put in their place.
Greek source
καὶ ἐπηρώτησαν αὐτὸν οἱ οἰκοδομοῦντες, ἐκ τίνος ὄρους θέλει ἐνεχθῆναι λίθους καὶ ἐμβληθῆναι εἰς τὸν τόπον αὐτῶν. καὶ ἐκ μὲν τῶν ὀρέων οὐκ ἐκέλευσεν ἐνεχθῆναι, ἐκ δέ τινος πεδίου ἐγγὺς ὄντος ἐκέλευσεν ἐνεχθῆναι.
Translation
The builders asked him which mountain he wanted stones brought from to replace them. He did not order stones to be brought from the mountains, but from a nearby plain.
Greek source
καὶ ὠρύγη τὸ πεδίον, καὶ εὑρέθησαν λίθοι λαμπροὶ τετράγωνοι, τινὲς δὲ καὶ στρογγύλοι. ὅσοι δέ ποτε ἦσαν λίθοι ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ ἐκείνῳ, πάντες ἠνέχθησαν, καὶ διὰ τῆς πύλης ἐβαστάζοντο ὑπὸ τῶν παρθένων.
Translation
The plain was dug, and bright square stones were found, along with some round ones. Every stone in that plain was brought, and the virgins carried them through the gate.
Greek source
καὶ ἐλατομήθησαν οἱ τετράγωνοι λίθοι καὶ ἐτέθησαν εἰς τὸν τόπον τῶν ἠρμένων· οἱ δὲ στρογγύλοι οὐκ ἐτέθησαν εἰς τὴν οἰκοδομήν, ὅτι σκληροὶ ἦσαν εἰς τὸ λατομηθῆναι αὐτούς, καὶ βραδέως ἐγένετο. ἐτέθησαν δὲ παρὰ τὸν πύργον, ὡς μελλόντων αὐτῶν λατομεῖσθαι καὶ τίθεσθαι εἰς τὴν οἰκοδομήν· λίαν γὰρ λαμπροὶ ἦσαν.
Translation
The square stones were cut to shape and put in place of those removed. The round ones were not placed in the building, because they were hard to cut, and the work was slow. They were placed beside the tower to be cut and put into the building later, for they were very bright.
Chapter 7
Greek source
Ταῦτα οὖν συντελέσας ὁ ἀνὴρ ὁ ἔνδοξος καὶ κύριος ὅλου τοῦ πύργου προσεκαλέσατο τὸν ποιμένα, καὶ παρέδωκεν αὐτῷ τοὺς λίθους πάντας τοὺς παρὰ τὸν πύργον κειμένους, τοὺς ἀποβεβλημένους ἐκ τῆς οἰκοδομῆς, καὶ λέγει αὐτῷ·
Translation
When the glorious man, lord of the entire tower, had finished these things, he called the shepherd. He entrusted to him all the stones lying beside the tower that had been rejected from the building, and said to him:
Greek source
Ἐπιμελῶς καθάρισον τοὺς λίθους τούτους καὶ θὲς αὐτοὺς εἰς τὴν οἰκοδομὴν τοῦ πύργου, τοὺς δυναμένους ἁρμόσαι τοῖς λοιποῖς· τοὺς δὲ μὴ ἁρμόζοντας ῥῖψον μακρὰν ἀπὸ τοῦ πύργου.
Translation
“Clean these stones carefully. Put into the tower's construction those that can fit the rest, and throw those that do not fit far away from the tower.”
Greek source
ταῦτα κελεύσας τῷ ποιμένι ἀπῆλθεν ἀπὸ τοῦ πύργου μετὰ πάντων ὧν ἐληλύθει. αἱ δὲ παρθένοι κύκλῳ τοῦ πύργου εἱστήκεισαν τηροῦσαι αὐτόν.
Translation
After giving these orders to the shepherd, he left the tower with everyone who had come with him. The virgins stood around the tower, guarding it.
Greek source
λέγω τῷ ποιμένι· Πῶς οὗτοι οἱ λίθοι δύνανται εἰς τὴν οἰκοδομὴν τοῦ πύργου ἀπελθεῖν ἀποδεδοκιμασμένοι; ἀποκριθείς μοι λέγει· Βλέπεις, φησί, τοὺς λίθους τούτους; Βλέπω, φημί, κύριε. Ἐγώ, φησί, τὸ πλεῖστον μέρος τῶν λίθων τούτων λατομήσω καὶ βαλῶ εἰς τὴν οἰκοδομήν, καὶ ἁρμόσουσι μετὰ τῶν λοιπῶν λίθων.
Translation
I said to the shepherd, “How can these stones go into the tower's construction when they have been rejected?” He answered, “Do you see these stones?” “I do, sir,” I said. “I will cut most of them to shape,” he said, “and put them into the building. They will fit with the other stones.”
Greek source
Πῶς, φημί, κύριε, δύνανται περικοπέντες τὸν αὐτὸν τόπον πληρῶσαι; ἀποκριθεὶς λέγει μοι· Ὅσοι μικροὶ εὑρεθήσονται, εἰς μέσην τὴν οἰκοδομὴν βληθήσονται, ὅσοι δὲ μείζονες, ἐξώτεροι τεθήσονται καὶ συγκρατήσουσιν αὐτούς.
Translation
“Sir,” I asked, “how can they fill the same space after being trimmed?” He answered, “Those found small will be placed inside the building. The larger ones will be placed on the outside and hold them together.”
Greek source
ταῦτά μοι λαλήσας λέγει μοι· Ἄγωμεν καὶ μετὰ ἡμέρας δύο ἔλθωμεν καὶ καθαρίσωμεν τοὺς λίθους τούτους, καὶ βάλωμεν αὐτοὺς εἰς τὴν οἰκοδομήν· τὰ γὰρ κύκλῳ τοῦ πύργου πάντα καθαρισθῆναι δεῖ, μήποτε ὁ δεσπότης ἐξάπινα ἔλθῃ καὶ τὰ περὶ τὸν πύργον ῥυπαρὰ εὕρῃ καὶ προσοχθίσῃ, καὶ οὗτοι οἱ λίθοι οὐκ ἀπελεύσονται εἰς τὴν οἰκοδομὴν τοῦ πύργου, κἀγὼ ἀμελὴς δόξω εἶναι παρὰ τῷ δεσπότῃ.
Translation
After saying this to me, he said, “Let us go, and return in two days to clean these stones and put them into the building. Everything around the tower must be cleaned, lest the master suddenly come, find the surroundings dirty, and be displeased. Then these stones will not enter the tower's construction, and I will seem negligent to the master.”
Greek source
καὶ μετὰ ἡμέρας δύο ἤλθομεν πρὸς τὸν πύργον, καὶ λέγει μοι· Κατανοήσωμεν τοὺς λίθους πάντας καὶ ἴδωμεν τοὺς δυναμένους εἰς τὴν οἰκοδομὴν ἀπελθεῖν. λέγω αὐτῷ· Κύριε, κατανοήσωμεν.
Translation
Two days later we came to the tower. He said to me, “Let us examine all the stones and see which can go into the building.” I said to him, “Let us examine them, sir.”
Chapter 8
Greek source
Καὶ ἀρξάμενοι πρῶτον τοὺς μέλανας κατενοοῦμεν λίθους. καὶ οἷοι ἐκ τῆς οἰκοδομῆς ἐτέθησαν, τοιοῦτοι καὶ εὑρέθησαν. καὶ ἐκέλευσεν αὐτοὺς ὁ ποιμὴν ἐκ τοῦ πύργου μετενεχθῆναι καὶ χωρισθῆναι.
Translation
We began by examining the black stones. They were found just as they had been when taken out of the building. The shepherd ordered them to be taken away from the tower and set apart.
Greek source
εἶτα κατενόησε τοὺς ἐψωριακότας, καὶ λαβὼν ἐλατόμησε πολλοὺς ἐξ αὐτῶν, καὶ ἐκέλευσε τὰς παρθένους ἆραι αὐτοὺς καὶ βαλεῖν εἰς τὴν οἰκοδομήν. καὶ ἦραν αὐτοὺς αἱ παρθένοι καὶ ἔθηκαν εἰς τὴν οἰκοδομὴν τοῦ πύργου μέσου. τοὺς δὲ λοιποὺς ἐκέλευσε μετὰ τῶν μελάνων τεθῆναι· καὶ γὰρ καὶ οὗτοι μέλανες εὑρέθησαν.
Translation
Next he examined the scabby stones. He took many of them, cut them to shape, and ordered the virgins to lift them and put them into the building. The virgins lifted them and placed them inside the tower's construction. He ordered the rest to be placed with the black stones, for these too were found black.
Greek source
εἶτα κατενόει τοὺς τὰς σχισμὰς ἔχοντας· καὶ ἐκ τούτων πολλοὺς ἐλατόμησε καὶ ἐκέλευσε διὰ τῶν παρθένων εἰς τὴν οἰκοδομὴν ἀπενεχθῆναι· ἐξώτεροι δὲ ἐτέθησαν, ὅτι ὑγιέστεροι εὑρέθησαν. οἱ δὲ λοιποὶ διὰ τὸ πλῆθος τῶν σχισμάτων οὐκ ἠδυνήθησαν λατομηθῆναι· διὰ ταύτην οὖν τὴν αἰτίαν ἀπεβλήθησαν ἀπὸ τῆς οἰκοδομῆς τοῦ πύργου.
Translation
Next he examined those with cracks. He cut many of these to shape and ordered the virgins to take them into the building. They were placed on the outside, because they were found sounder. The rest could not be cut to shape because of their many cracks. For that reason they were rejected from the tower's construction.
Greek source
εἶτα κατενόει τοὺς κολοβούς, καὶ εὑρέθησαν πολλοὶ ἐν αὐτοῖς μέλανες, τινὲς δὲ σχισμὰς μεγάλας πεποιηκότες· καὶ ἐκέλευσε καὶ τούτους τεθῆναι μετὰ τῶν ἀποβεβλημένων. τοὺς δὲ περισσεύοντας αὐτῶν καθαρίσας καὶ λατομήσας ἐκέλευσεν εἰς τὴν οἰκοδομὴν τεθῆναι. αἱ δὲ παρθένοι αὐτοὺς ἄρασαι εἰς μέσην τὴν οἰκοδομὴν τοῦ πύργου ἥρμοσαν· ἀσθενέστεροι γὰρ ἦσαν.
Translation
Next he examined the chipped stones. Many were found black, and some had developed large cracks. He ordered these too to be placed with the rejected stones. He cleaned and shaped those that remained, then ordered them to be placed in the building. The virgins lifted them and fitted them inside the tower's construction, for they were weaker.
Greek source
εἶτα κατενόει τοὺς ἡμίσεις λευκούς, ἡμίσεις δὲ μέλανας· καὶ πολλοὶ ἐξ αὐτῶν εὑρέθησαν μέλανες. ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶ τούτους ἀρθῆναι μετὰ τῶν ἀποβεβλημένων. οἱ δὲ λοιποὶ πάντες ἤρθησαν ὑπὸ τῶν παρθένων· λευκοὶ γὰρ ὄντες ἡρμόσθησαν ὑπ’ αὐτῶν τῶν παρθένων εἰς τὴν οἰκοδομήν· ἐξώτεροι δὲ ἐτέθησαν, ὅτι ὑγιεῖς εὑρέθησαν, ὥστε δύνασθαι αὐτοὺς κρατεῖν τοὺς εἰς τὸ μέσον τεθέντας· ὅλως γὰρ ἐξ αὐτῶν οὐδὲν ἐκολοβώθη.
Translation
Next he examined those half white and half black. Many were found black, and he ordered these too to be removed with the rejected stones. The virgins lifted all the rest: being white, they were fitted into the building by the virgins themselves. They were placed on the outside because they were found sound, able to support those placed inside. Nothing at all had been chipped off them.
Greek source
εἶτα κατενόει τοὺς τραχεῖς καὶ σκληρούς, καὶ ὀλίγοι ἐξ αὐτῶν ἀπεβλήθησαν διὰ τὸ μὴ δύνασθαι λατομηθῆναι· σκληροὶ γὰρ λίαν εὑρέθησαν. οἱ δὲ λοιποὶ αὐτῶν ἐλατομήθησαν καὶ ἤρθησαν ὑπὸ τῶν παρθένων καὶ εἰς μέσην τὴν οἰκοδομὴν τοῦ πύργου ἡρμόσθησαν· ἀσθενέστεροι γὰρ ἦσαν.
Translation
Next he examined the rough, hard stones. A few were rejected because they could not be cut to shape, being found very hard. The rest were shaped, lifted by the virgins, and fitted inside the tower's construction, for they were weaker.
Greek source
εἶτα κατενόει τοὺς ἔχοντας τοὺς σπίλους, καὶ ἐκ τούτων ἐλάχιστοι ἐμελάνησαν, καὶ ἀπεβλήθησαν πρὸς τοὺς λοιπούς. οἱ δὲ περισσεύοντες λαμπροὶ καὶ ὑγιεῖς εὑρέθησαν· καὶ οὗτοι ἡρμόσθησαν ὑπὸ τῶν παρθένων εἰς τὴν οἰκοδομήν· ἐξώτεροι δὲ ἐτέθησαν διὰ τὴν ἰσχυρότητα αὐτῶν.
Translation
Next he examined those with stains. Very few of these had turned black, and they were rejected with the others. The remainder were found bright and sound. The virgins fitted these too into the building, placing them on the outside because of their strength.
Reader’s notes
1. 9.1.1–3; 9.12.1–8
The holy spirit that spoke in the form of the Assembly is identified with the Son of God. The ancient rock, the new gate, and the great man are also identified with him. These identifications remain the author's statements; they have not been harmonized with a later account of distinct divine persons. The sequence in 9.1.2 is difficult: even after Hermas has gained strength to see an angel, the account says that the tower was explained through the Assembly. That sequence has not been silently reversed. “His creation” in 9.12.2 retains a pronoun whose precise reference deserves review.
2. 9.1.4; 9.2.1–5
Arcadia, the breast-shaped mountain, the square rock capable of containing the world, and the virgins' bare right shoulders retain the concrete images. Their physical description is not replaced by an explanation of the allegory before the shepherd gives it.
3. 9.3–9
The six overseers, the crowd of builders, the virgins, the tower's lord, and the shepherd have different tasks. The four courses contain ten, twenty-five, thirty-five, and forty stones. In 9.4.3 and 9.5.4 only the five in the Greek numeral for twenty-five is supplied. The partly supplied numeral is marked as an affected English expression, not as an entirely restored number. Interior and exterior placement, strength, defects, trimming, and rejection remain distinct. The round stones set aside for later use are not treated as definitively rejected.
↑ Sim. 9.3.1↑ Sim. 9.3.2↑ Sim. 9.3.3↑ Sim. 9.3.4↑ Sim. 9.3.5↑ Sim. 9.4.1↑ Sim. 9.4.2↑ Sim. 9.4.3↑ Sim. 9.4.4↑ Sim. 9.4.5↑ Sim. 9.4.6↑ Sim. 9.4.7↑ Sim. 9.4.8↑ Sim. 9.5.1↑ Sim. 9.5.2↑ Sim. 9.5.3↑ Sim. 9.5.4↑ Sim. 9.5.5↑ Sim. 9.5.6↑ Sim. 9.5.7↑ Sim. 9.6.1↑ Sim. 9.6.2↑ Sim. 9.6.3↑ Sim. 9.6.4↑ Sim. 9.6.5↑ Sim. 9.6.6↑ Sim. 9.6.7↑ Sim. 9.6.8↑ Sim. 9.7.1↑ Sim. 9.7.2↑ Sim. 9.7.3↑ Sim. 9.7.4↑ Sim. 9.7.5↑ Sim. 9.7.6↑ Sim. 9.7.7↑ Sim. 9.8.1↑ Sim. 9.8.2↑ Sim. 9.8.3↑ Sim. 9.8.4↑ Sim. 9.8.5↑ Sim. 9.8.6↑ Sim. 9.8.7↑ Sim. 9.9.1↑ Sim. 9.9.2↑ Sim. 9.9.3↑ Sim. 9.9.4↑ Sim. 9.9.5↑ Sim. 9.9.6↑ Sim. 9.9.74. 9.6.4; 9.8
“Scabby” preserves the bodily surface image applied to stones; “chipped,” “cracked,” “rough,” and “stained” identify different groups. No modern disease diagnosis or archaeological reconstruction is intended.
5. Partial supplied spans in the final Greek section
supplied:partialmarks an affected English expression when only part of a Greek word or numeral lies inside the original supplied span. English phrases may also change order for normal syntax. These markers do not claim that all corresponding Greek letters were supplied. Where two supplied spans fall within one Greek word or expression (9.23.5 and 9.28.7), two markers remain in English. The Greek supplied portions for these partial cases are listed below; ordinary supplied spans remain separately marked in the translation. Square brackets present in the source are retained.6. Sim. 9.4.3
Partial spans: 1 · Greek portions inside supplied:
ε7. Sim. 9.5.4
Partial spans: 1 · Greek portions inside supplied:
ε
About this edition
English translation v02. Greek source v01: Molly Whittaker, second revised edition, 1967; Patristic Text Archive (2018), Annette von Stockhausen — conversion to CTS-compliant PTA TEI and markup of places and persons. Technical derivative: Stromata Editions, 2026-09-29. Fixed version ef861ab3.
Dotted underlining marks editorial supplied spans in the selected source and the corresponding translation, including partial spans. The sign alone does not establish the intervention’s nature or necessarily indicate a conjecture. Original square brackets are preserved.
Latin ending: the ancient Vulgata edited by Adolphus Hilgenfeld, Hermae Pastor (Leipzig, 1873), pp. 155–164; project source HER-ENDING-SOURCE-v01. Hilgenfeld took the insertion in Sim. 10.2.4 from the Palatina and added habet himself. The Greek digital source’s license does not automatically cover the Latin edition or the translations.
The translation is a reviewed working version following an AI editorial pass; human philological review is not claimed.
The reproduced Greek source and its technical derivative: CC BY-SA 4.0. Whitespace adapted for reading; words and diacritics preserved. Attribution does not imply endorsement of Stromata by PTA contributors.
Vulgata · Hilgenfeld 1873 · StromataPTA · ef861ab3CC BY-SA 4.0
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